Geladaindong ice core records could provide a unique opportunity for studying climatic and environmental changes in the central TP. Based on a 147 m deep ice core drilled by the Sino-US Cooperation Expedition in 2005 at Mt. Geladaindong, we analyzed oxygen and major ion by using MAT253 isotope mass spectrometer and Ion Chromatograph. Multiparametric dating approach is adopted to establish an accurate chronology. Glaciochemical records were reconstructed to reveal the annual climatic and environmental changes during the period of 1477~1982 AD.
KANG Shichang
Among many indicators reflecting changes in climate and environment, the stable isotope index of ice core is an indispensable parameter in ice core record research, and it is one of the most reliable means and the most effective way to restore past climate change. Meanwhile, ice core accumulation is a direct record of precipitation on the glacier, and high-resolution ice core records ensure continuity of precipitation records. Therefore, ice core records provide an effective means of restoring changes in precipitation. Stable isotopes from ice cores drilled throughout the TP have been used to reconstruct climate histories extending back several thousands of years. This dataset provides data support for studying climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.
XU Baiqing
1.The data content: Yulong snow mountain glacier No.1, mass balance data in 2008-2017 years. 2.Data sources and processing methods: Flower poles are arranged at intervals of 100m in the altitude between 4600m and 4800m in baishui glacier 1, Yulong snow mountain.The ablation was observed at the beginning of may and at the end of August every year.The continuous observation interval is 7 days, in case of the fog, rain, snow and other special circumstances, not visible, will delay the observation time. Mass balance is glacier surface algebra and the amount of accumulation and ablation, reflects the dueling glacier surface per unit area on the end of a material balance, material balance of the average ice changes in status. According to the field observation data, the flower stem observation was a single point of material balance: bn = bs + bi + bsi, bn, bi, bs, bsi, representing a single point of material balance, glacial ice, snow and additional ice equilibrium value and the calculated results indicated on large scale ice figure and topographic map, draw the scope contour for 50 m spacing ablation, accumulated value.In addition, the 4700 m observation point was calculated, monthly flower stem and accumulation of snow melting pit water equivalent. Respectively of accumulation and ablation area between every two adjacent contours, and then calculate the glaciers are melting area gradually glacier melting pure accumulation of C and pure quantity and material balance value B. By using the spatial interpolation method, Arcgis software product contour map, glacier mass balance calculation was realized. The glaciers annual net mass balanceB is 𝐵=Σ𝑏𝑖（𝑠𝑖/S𝑛i）, si for two adjacent contour projection area;Bi for si average net balance;N is the total number of si;S for the total area of the glacier. 3.Data quality description: Flowers rod with a tape measure different positions in the observation of exposed height value, and the height of the rod, the additional section thickness of ice, snow and dirt layer depth, etc. The unit is mm water equivalent w.e. (mm), observed mainly in the melting period. During the period of observation, some flower rod dumping or covered by snow, unable to obtain valid data. 4.Data application results and prospects: The data can provide parameter calibration and verification for the study of glacier dynamics model and simulation.
WANG Shijin
1) Dataset: The dataset includes mass balance data during 2010-2015 on the Laohuogou Glacier No. 12. 2) Sourc and methods: the mass balances were measured at each 100 m elevation belt, and every elevation had installed three plastic stick to measure mass balance. The mass balance of entire glacier was mesrued in May and September, the glacier-wide mass balance was calculated following met Area-Average method. 3) Data quality dsecription: data were manually measured following glaciology method, with a good quality.
LIU Yushuo
As the “water tower of Asia”, Tibetan Plateau (TP) are the resource of major rivers in Asia. Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted from surrounding regions can be transported to the inner TP by atmospheric circulation and consequently deposited in snow, which can significantly influence precipitation and mass balance of glaciers. By drilling and sampling ice cores and snow samples and measuring BC concentration, historical record and spatial distribution can be abtained. It can provide basic dataset to study the effects of BC to the environment and climate over the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the pollutants transport.
XU Baiqing
This is the data set of typical glacier changes on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, which includes the Qiangyong Glacier near Yamdrog Yumtso, the Palong Glacier in the Palongzangbu River Basin, the Xiaodongkemadi Glacier on Tanggula Mountain in the central Tibetan Plateau, the No. 2 Anglong Glacier in the Ngari Prefecture in the western Tibetan Plateau, the Aerqieteke Glacier in the Muztagata region, the No. 15 Glacier, the Qiaodumake Glacier, and the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. It can be used to study the response of typical glaciers in typical areas of the plateau to climate change. On the ice surface of a typical glacier in a typical area, a steam drill is used to set a length rod. The height of the rod is measured at a fixed time every year and combined with snow pit observations to observe the glacier mass balance. Marks are set on the ground near the terminus of the glacier, and the distance between the marker and the terminus of the glacier is measured to observe changes in the position of the terminus of the glacier. Among the glaciers, there are terminus change data for the Qiaodumake Glacier and No. 94 Palong Glacier. In the data set processing method, a continuous sequence of time and space is formed after the quality control of the original data. It conforms to the accuracy of conventional glacier monitoring and research in China and the world, and it meets the requirements of the comparative study of glacier changes and related climate change records.
This data set contains the oxygen isotope, dust, anion and accumulation data obtained from the deep ice core drilled in 1992 in the Guliya ice cap, which is located in the west Kunlun Mountains on the Tibetan Plateau. The length of the ice core was 308.6 m. The ice core was cut into samples, 12628 of which were used to measure the oxygen isotope values, 12480 of which were used to measure the dust concentrations, and 9681 of which were used to measure the anion concentrations. Data Resource: National Centers for Environmental Information（http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core）. Processing Method: Average. The data set contains 4 tables, namely: oxygen isotope, dust and anion data from different depths in the Guliya ice core, 10-year mean data of oxygen isotopes, dust, anions and net accumulation in the Guliya ice core, 400-year mean data of oxygen isotopes, dust and anions in the Guliya ice core, and chlorine-36 data from different depths. Table 1: Data on oxygen isotopes, dust and anion concentrations at different depths in the Guliya ice core. a. Name explanation Field 1: Depth Field 2: Oxygen isotope value Field 3: Dust concentration (diameter 0.63 to 20 µm) Field 4: Cl- Field 5: SO42- Field 6: NO3- b. Dimensions (unit of measure) Field 1: m Field 2: ‰ Field 3: particles/mL Field 4: ppb Field 5: ppb Field 6: ppb Table 2: 10-year mean oxygen isotope, dust, anion and net accumulation data for the Guliya ice core (0-1989) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Oxygen isotope value Field 4: Dust concentration (diameter 0.63 -20 µm) Field 5: Cl- Field 6: SO42- Field 7: NO3- Field 8: Net accumulation b. Dimensions (unit of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: ‰ Field 4: particles/mL Field 5: ppb Field 6: ppb Field 7: ppb Field 8: cm/year Table 3: 400-year mean oxygen isotope, dust and anion data for the Guliya ice core. a. Name explanation Field 1: Time Field 2: Oxygen isotope Field 3: Dust concentration (diameter 0.63-20 µm) Field 4: Cl- Field 5: SO42- Field 6: NO3- b. Dimensions (unit of measure) Field 1: Millennium Field 2: ‰ Field 3: particles/mL Field 4: ppb Field 5: ppb Field 6: ppb Table 4: Chlorine-36 data at different depths a. Name explanation Field 1: Depth Field 2: 36Cl Field 3: 36Cl error Field 4: Year b. Dimensions (unit of measure) Field 1: m Field 2: 104 atoms g-1 Field 3: % Field 4: Millennium
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
This is the flow data set observed in 2010 by the glacier hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Rongbu River on Mount Everest, Tibet. The measured section position is 28º22'03''N, 86º56'53' 'E, with an altitude of 4290 meters. It is measured by an LS20B propeller-type current meter by the one-point method. All the data were observed and collected in strict accordance with the Equipment Operating Specifications.
ZHANG Guoshuai
This data set includes the temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and other daily values in the observation point of Kunsha Glacier. The data is observed from October 3, 2015 to September 19, 2017. It is measured by automatic meteorological station (Onset Company) and a piece of data is recorded every 2 hours. The original data forms a continuous time series after quality control, and the daily mean index data is obtained through calculation. The original data meets the accuracy requirements of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for meteorological observation. Quality control includes eliminating the systematic error caused by the missing point data and sensor failure. The data is stored as an excel file.
ZHANG Yinsheng
This data set contains observation data from glacier and hydrological stations in the Parlung Zangbo River Basin in southeastern Tibet. The data include measurements of the runoff from Parlung Glacier No. 4 and 24K Glacier. These monthly mean data therefore represent two different types of glaciers (debris-free and debris-covered glaciers). Observation instruments: Propeller Flow Velocity Meter (LS1206B), HOBO water level data logger. Parlung Glacier No. 4: Longitude: 96°55.19′; Latitude: 29°13.57′; Elevation: 4650 m. 24K Glacier: Longitude: 95°43.81′; Latitude: 29°45.41′; Elevation: 3800 m. The data contains two fields: Field 1: Date Field 2: Runoff, m³/s
YAO Tandong
The data set of ice core-snow black carbon content on the Tibetan plateau (1950-2006) contains five (5) tables: 1 Xu et al. 2006 AG, 2 Xu et al. 2009 PNAS_Conc., 3 Xu et al. 2009 PNAS_flux, 4 Xu et al. 2012 ERL, 5 Wang et al. 2015 ACP. The data collection sites include the Meikuang glacier, Dongkemadi, Qiangyong, Kangwure, Naimona’nyi, Muztagata, Rongbuk, Tanggula Mountain, Ningjin Gangsang, Zuoqipu, and Glacier No. 1 at the headwaters of the Ürüqi River. The latitudes and longitudes of the collection locations, elevations and other information are marked in the data. The main indicators of the data are location, time, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), black carbon (BC) content and flux. Location: latitude and longitude Time: year or date OC: organic carbon EC: elemental carbon BC: Black carbon Conc.: content, unit: ng g-1 Flux: flux, unit: mg m-2a-1 The data come from the following subjects. 1. National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program)：Temporal and Spatial Characteristics and Remote Sensing Modeling of Global Change Sensitive Factors; Person in charge: Baiqing Xu; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. 2. National Key Basic Research Program: The Response of Formation and Evolution on the Tibetan Plateau to Global Changes and Adaptation Strategy; Person in charge: Tandong Yao; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. 3. The General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China: High-resolution Carbon Black Recording in Snow Ice of the Tibetan Plateau; Person in charge: Baiqing Xu; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 4. The General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China: Extraction of Climate and Environment Information from Ice Core Encapsulated Gas on the Tibetan Plateau; Person in charge: Baiqing Xu; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 5. National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars: Snow and Ice-Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Changes on the Tibetan Plateau; Person in charge: Baiqing Xu; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 6. National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars: Study on the Changes of Aerosol Emissions and Combustion in Human Activities in South Asia in the Past 100 Years; Person in charge: Mo Wang; Unit: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Observation methods: two-step heating method, thermal/optical carbon analysis method, and single-particle black carbon aerosol photometer.
XU Baiqing
There are three types of glacial lakes: supraglacial lakes, lakes attached to the end of the glacier and lakes not attached to the end of the glacier. Based on this classification, the following properties are studied: the variation in the number and area of glacial lakes in different basins in the Third Pole region, the changes in extent in terms of size and area, distance from glaciers, the differences in area changes between lakes with and without the supply of glacial melt water runoff, the characteristics of changes in the glacial lake area with respect to elevation, etc. Data source: Landsat TM/ETM+ 1990, 2000, 2010. The data were visually interpreted, which included checking and editing by comparing the original image with Google Earth images when the area was greater than 0.003 square kilometres. The data were applied to glacial lake changes and glacial lake outburst flood assessments in the Third Pole region. Data type: Vector data. Projected Coordinate System: Albers Conical Equal Area.
ZHANG Guoqing
The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) is a complete inventory of global glacier outlines published by GLIMS (Global Land Ice Measurements from Space). It is currently available in six versions: Version 1.0 was published in February 2012, version 2.0 was published in June 2012, version 3.0 was published in April 2013, version 4.0 was published in December 2014, version 5.0 was published in July 2015, and version 6.0 was published in July 2017. The data sets include four versions, which are 6.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.2 (revision, August 2013). The data are organized according to different regions. In each region, each glacier record includes a shape file (.shp file and its corresponding .dbf, .prj, and .shx files) and a .csv file of height measurement data. The data are from GLIMS: Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (http://www.glims.org/RGI/) Data quality checks include geometry, topology, and certain attributes, and the following checks were performed: 1) All polygons were checked by the ArcGIS Repair Geometry tool. 2) Glaciers with areas less than 0.01 square kilometres were removed. 3) The topology was checked with the Does Not Overlap rule. 4) The attribute sheet was checked by Fortran subroutines and Python scripts for data quality.
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space
The data include three data sets of Namcu and Muztagh Ata: an atmospheric aerosol data set of monthly average values of TSP, lithium, sodium and other elements; an atmospheric precipitation chemical data set of monthly average values of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions; and a data set of chemical compositions of snow ice in the Zhadang Glacier of Namcu Basin of the concentrations of soluble sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in snow pits collected in different months. The data can be used in conducting located observations of atmospheric aerosol element content, precipitation chemistry, and glacier snow ice chemical records in the Namco and Muztagh Ata areas. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes of CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Data collection and processing: 1. The automatic rain gauges were erected in the typical regions of the Tibetan Plateau (the Namco Basin and the Muztagh Ata Peak area) to collect precipitation samples. The precipitation samples were collected using a SYC-2 type rainfall sampler that comprised a collector, rain sensor and gland drive. The sample collector was provided with a rain collection bucket and a dust collection bucket, and the weather condition was sensed by the rain sensor. The rain collection bucket would be opened when it started to rain, and the gland would be pressed onto the dust collection bucket. Meanwhile, the date and the rain start and end times were automatically recorded. When the rain stopped, the gland automatically flipped to the rain collection bucket to complete a rainfall record. The collected samples were placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and refrigerated in a -20 °C refrigerator. They were frozen during transportation and storage until right before being analyzed, when they would be taken from the refrigerator and thawed at room temperature (20 °C). They were then processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentration of soluble anions and cations in the precipitation. 2. The atmospheric aerosol sampler installed at Namco Station was 4 m above the ground and included a vacuum pump, which was powered by solar panels and batteries. The air flux was recorded by an automatic flow meter, and the instantaneous flow rate was approximately 16.7 L/min. The air flux took the meteorological parameter conversion of the Namco area as the standard volume. A Teflon filter with a diameter of 47 mm and a pore size of 0.4 & mu; m was used. The sample interval was 7 days, and the total sample flow rate of each sample was approximately 120-150 m³. Each sample was individually placed in a disposable filter cartridge and stored at low temperature in a refrigerator. Before and after sampling, the filter was placed in a constant temperature (20 ± 5 °C) and constant humidity (40 & plusmn; 2%) environment for 48 hours and weighed with a 1/10000 electronic balance (AUW220D, Shimadu); the difference between the weights before and after was the weight of the aerosol sample on the filter. The collected samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS by ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of 18 elements. Strict measures were taken during indoor and outdoor operations to prevent possible contamination. 3. A precleaned plastic shovel was used to collect a sample every 5 cm from the lower part of the snow pit (samples were collected every 10 cm in some snow pits). The samples were dissolved at room temperature, placed in 20 mL clean high-density polyethylene plastic bottles and stored in a refrigerator at -20 °C. The samples were frozen during transportation and storage until they were taken out of the refrigerator before the analysis and melted at room temperature. The samples were processed at the Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes CAS using ICS2500 and ICS2000 ion-chromatographic analyzers to determine the concentrations of soluble anions and cations in the samples. Clean clothing, disposable masks and plastic gloves should be worn during the manual collection of glacier snow ice chemical samples to prevent contamination. The data set was processed by forming a continuous sequence of monthly mean values after the raw data were quality controlled. It meets the accuracy of routine monitoring research on precipitation, aerosol, snow and ice records in China and the world and is satisfactory for comparative study with relevant climate change records.
KANG Shichang
This is the 1976, 1991, 2000, and 2010 vector data set of glaciers and glacial lakes in the Boqu Basin in Central Himalaya based on Landsat satellite images. The data source is from Landsat remote images. 1976: LM21510411975306AAA05, LM21510401976355AAA04 1991: LT41410401991334XXX02, LT41410411991334XXX02 2000: LE71410402000279SGS00, LE71400412000304SGS00, LE71410402000327EDC00, LE71410412000327EDC00 2010: LT51400412009288KHC00, LT51410402009295KHC00, LT51410412009311KHC00, LT51410402011237KHC00. The boundaries of glaciers and glacial lakes are extracted manually from the various remote sensing images. The extraction error of the boundaries of glaciers and glacial lakes is estimated to be 0.5 pixels. Data file: Glacial_1976: Glacier vector data in 1976 Glacial_1991: Glacier vector data in 1991 Glacial_2000: Glacier vector data in 2000 Glacial_2010: Glacier vector data in 2010 Glacial_Lake_1976: Glacial lake vector data in 1976年 Glacial_Lake_1991: Glacial lake vector data in 1991 Glacial_Lake_2000: Glacial lake vector data in 2000 Glacial_Lake_2010: Glacial lake vector data in 2010 The glacial lake vector data fields include Number, name, latitude and longitude, altitude, area, orientation, type of glacial lake, length, width, and distance from the glacier.
WANG Weicai
This data set contains data from the three ice cores drilled from the Dunde ice cap in the northern Tibetan Plateau in 1987. Core D-1 has a length of 139.8 m and is divided into 3585 samples for isotope analysis. Core D-3 has a length of 138.4 m, and the upper 56 m was cut into several samples on site and stored in bottles after melting, while the remaining length was frozen and preserved. The data set contains three data tables, namely, 10-year mean oxygen isotope data for the Dunde ice core (520-1987 A.D.), 5-year mean water equivalent accumulation data for Dunde ice core and 10-year mean dust data for the Dunde ice core. Data source: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core). Processing method: Average. Table 1: 10-year mean oxygen isotope data for core D-3 (520 - 1987 A.D.) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Oxygen isotope value b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: ‰ Data Table 2: 5-year mean water equivalent accumulation data for core D-1 (1606-1984) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Accumulation b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: m Data Sheet 3: 10-year mean dust data for core D-3 (520 - 1987 A.D.) a. Name explanation Field 1: Start time Field 2: End time Field 3: Dust (diameter 0.63-16 µm) Field 4: Dust (diameter 2.00-60 µm) Field 5: Cl- Field 6: SO42- Field 7: NO3- b. Dimensions (units of measure) Field 1: Dimensionless Field 2: Dimensionless Field 3: Particles/mL Field 4: Particles/mL Field 5: ppb Field 6: ppb Field 7: ppb
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
This data set includes the temperature, relative humidity, and other daily values at the end of the observation point of the terminus of Naimona’nyi Glacier The data is observed from July 3, 2011 to September 15, 2017. It is measured by automatic meteorological station (Onset Company) and a piece of data is recorded every 60minutes. The original data forms a continuous time series after quality control, and the daily mean index data is obtained through calculation. The original data meets the accuracy requirements of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for meteorological observation. Quality control includes eliminating the systematic error caused by the missing point data and sensor failure. The data is stored as an excel file.
ZHANG Yinsheng
This data set comprises the observed runoff data of the glacial hydrological stations in the Namco Basin in Tibet from 2006 to 2008. It contains monthly mean runoff data from four regions: the Niyaqu river, Qugaqie river, Zhadang river, and Angqu river. The data were used to study the regional hydrology and water resources. Measurement instrument: propeller flow velocity meter (LS1206B), Hobo water level meter. Spatial location: Niyaqu, East Namco (the road near the lake outlet): 90.2969E, 31.0342N, elevation: 4730 m; Qugaqie, South Namco (road into the lake outlet): 90.6361E, 30.8175N, elevation: 4780 m; End of the Zhadang Glacier: 90.7261E, 30.6878N, elevation: 5400 m; Angqu (bridge near Deqing Town): 90.2839E, 30.6525N, elevation: 4780 m.
YAO Tandong
This data set comprises the oxygen isotope and geochemical data of two deep-drilled ice cores drilled in the Puruogangri ice sheet (33°55'N, 89°05'E, altitude: 6070 meters) in the central Tibetan Plateau in 2000. The ice core depths are 118.4 and 214.7 meters, respectively. Source of the data: National Centers for Environmental Information (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/ice-core) . The data set contains 6 tables, which are the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core, the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and the soluble aerosol concentrations per meter of the Puruogangri ice core, the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of Puruogangri ice core, 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core, and the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core. The information on the fields is as follows: Table 1: the average values of 1 oxygen isotope per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Table 2: the 10-year average data of 1 oxygen isotope of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Table 3: the average values of 2 oxygen isotope and soluble aerosol concentration per meter of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Depth [m] Field 2: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 3: 18° [‰] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 4: the 5-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentration of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Accumulation [cm/yr] Field 5: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 6: F- [ppb] Field 7: Cl- [ppb] Field 8: SO42- [ppb] Field 9: NO3- [ppb] Field 10: Na+ [ppb] Field 11: NH4+ [ppb] Field 12: K+ [ppb] Field 13: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 14: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 5: the 10-year average data of 2 oxygen isotope and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: Start time [Dimensionless] Field 2: End time [Dimensionless] Field 3: δ18° [‰] Field 4: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 5: F- [ppb] Field 6: Cl- [ppb] Field 7: SO42- [ppb] Field 8: NO3- [ppb] Field 9: Na+ [ppb] Field 10: NH4+ [ppb] Field 11: K+ [ppb] Field 12: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 13: Ca2+ [ppb] Table 6: the 100-year average values of 2 oxygen isotopic and aerosol concentrations of the Puruogangri ice core Field: Field Name [Dimensions (Unit of Measure)] Field 1: The last year of the interval [Dimensionless] Field 2: δ18° [‰] Field 3: Dust (diameter 0.63-20 um) [particles/mL] Field 4: F- [ppb] Field 5: Cl- [ppb] Field 6: SO42- [ppb] Field 7: NO3- [ppb] Field 8: Na+ [ppb] Field 9: NH4+ [ppb] Field 10: K+ [ppb] Field 11: Mg2+ [ppb] Field 12: Ca2+ [ppb]
National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
This data set contains conventional ice surface meteorological data for Parlung Glacier No. 4 and debris-covered 24K Glacier in Southeast Tibet from June to September 2016. Meteorological observation instrument model: Campbell data logger CR1000; precipitation observation instrument models: T200B weighing rain cylinder for Parlung Glacier No. 4 and RG-3 tipping rain gauge for 24K Glacier. Acquisition time: 60 minutes. The data were collected automatically, and the data set was processed to form a continuous hourly time series after quality controlling the original data. The data collection sites were Parlung Glacier No. 4 (29.252°N; 96.932°E; 4800 m) and the debris-covered 24K glacier in Southeast Tibet (29.766°N; 95.712°E; 3900 m). Data for Parlung Glacier No. 4 at an elevation of 4800 m: Temperature, unit: °C Relative humidity, unit: % Wind speed, unit, m/s Downward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Downward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Precipitation, unit: mm Data for debris-covered 24K Glacier at an elevation of 3900 m (debris thickness: 25 cm): Temperature, unit: °C Relative humidity, unit: % Wind speed, unit, m/s Downward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward shortwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Downward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Upward longwave radiation, unit: W/m2 Precipitation, unit: mm Temperature with a debris thickness of 5 cm, unit: °C Temperature with a debris thickness of 10 cm, unit: °C Temperature with a debris thickness of 20 cm, unit: °C
YANG Wei
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